最近两年的工作没有写过多少SQL,感觉水平下降十分严重,网上找了50道练习题学习和复习
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1.0数据表介绍
--1.学生表
Student(SId,Sname,Sage,Ssex)
--SId 学生编号,Sname 学生姓名,Sage 出生年月,Ssex 学生性别
--2.课程表
Course(CId,Cname,TId)
--CId 课程编号,Cname 课程名称,TId 教师编号
--3.教师表
Teacher(TId,Tname)
--TId 教师编号,Tname 教师姓名
--4.成绩表
SC(SId,CId,score)
--SId 学生编号,CId 课程编号,score 分数
2.0 数据表创建
学生表Student
create table Student(SId varchar(10),Sname varchar(10),Sage datetime,Ssex varchar(10));insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-12-20' , '男');insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-12-06' , '男');insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-01-01' , '女');insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-01-01' , '女');insert into Student values('09' , '张三' , '2017-12-20' , '女');insert into Student values('10' , '李四' , '2017-12-25' , '女');insert into Student values('11' , '李四' , '2012-06-06' , '女');insert into Student values('12' , '赵六' , '2013-06-13' , '女');insert into Student values('13' , '孙七' , '2014-06-01' , '女');
科目表Course
create table Course(CId varchar(10),Cname nvarchar(10),TId varchar(10));insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');
教师表Teacher
create table Teacher(TId varchar(10),Tname varchar(10));insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');
成绩表SC
create table SC(SId varchar(10),CId varchar(10),score decimal(18,1));insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80);insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90);insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99);insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70);insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60);insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80);insert into SC values('03' , '01' , 80);insert into SC values('03' , '02' , 80);insert into SC values('03' , '03' , 80);insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50);insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30);insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20);insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76);insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87);insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31);insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34);insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89);insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98);
3.0 练习题目
- 1.查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
- 1.1. 查询同时存在" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的情况
- 1.2 查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )
- 1.3 查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的情况
- 2.查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
- 3.查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息
- 4.查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )
- 4.1 查有成绩的学生信息
- 5.查询「李」姓老师的数量
- 6.查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息
- 7.查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
- 8.查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息
- 9.查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程 完全相同的其他同学的信息
- 10.查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
- 11.查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩
- 12.检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息
- 13.按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
- 14.查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:
以如下形式显示:课程 ID,课程 name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率
及格为>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90 要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列- 15.按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时保留名次空缺
- 15.1 按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时合并名次
- 16.查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时保留名次空缺
- 16.1 查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时不保留名次空缺
- 17.统计各科成绩各分数段人数:课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[60-0] 及所占百分比
- 18.查询各科成绩前三名的记录
- 19.查询每门课程被选修的学生数
- 20.查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名
- 21.查询男生、女生人数
- 22.查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息
- 23.查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数
- 24.查询 1990 年出生的学生名单
- 25.查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩降序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程编号升序排列
- 26.查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
- 27.查询课程名称为「数学」,且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数
- 28.查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(存在学生没成绩,没选课的情况)
- 29.查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
- 30.查询不及格的课程
- 31.查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名
- 32.求每门课程的学生人数
- 33.成绩不重复,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
- 34.成绩有重复的情况下,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
- 35.查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
- 36.查询每门功成绩最好的前两名
- 37.统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过 5 人的课程才统计)。
- 38.检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
- 39.查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
- 40.查询各学生的年龄,只按年份来算
- 41.按照出生日期来算,当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则,年龄减一
- 42.查询本周过生日的学生
- 43.查询下周过生日的学生
- 44.查询本月过生日的学生
- 45.查询下月过生日的学生
4.0答案和分析(如有更好解法,欢迎留言交流)
use DataBaseStudy--1.查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数--因为需要全部的学生信息,则需要在sc表中得到符合条件的SId后与student表进行join,可以left join 也可以 right join select * from (select t1.sid as sid, t1.score as class1,t2.score as class2 from (select *from sc where sc.cid='01') as t1 ,(select * from sc where sc.cid='02') as t2where t1.sid=t2.sid and t1.score>t2.score ) as rleft join studenton r.sid=student.sidselect * from Student RIGHT JOIN ( select t1.SId, class1, class2 from (select SId, score as class1 from sc where sc.CId = '01')as t1, (select SId, score as class2 from sc where sc.CId = '02')as t2 where t1.SId = t2.SId AND t1.class1 > t2.class2)r on Student.SId = r.SId;--join (inner join)属于等值连接,只返回两个表中联结字段相等的行,select * from t1,t2 where...这种属于隐式表连接,逐渐被抛弃select * from (select SId, score as class1 from sc where sc.CId = '01')as t1join (select SId, score as class2 from sc where sc.CId = '02')as t2 on t1.SId=t2.SId--1.2 查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )select * from (select * from sc where sc.CId = '01') as t1left join (select * from sc where sc.CId = '02') as t2on t1.SId = t2.SId--1.3 查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的情况--考察子查询select * from sc where sc.CId = '02'and sc.[SId] not in(select sid from sc where sc.cid='01')--2 查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩--考察group by 分组和常用聚合函数select * from (select sid,AVG(score) as AVGsource from scwhere score>60group by sid) as t1left join studenton t1.SId=Student.SId--3 查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息select * from (select SId from sc group by SId) as t1left join Studenton t1.SId=Student.SIdselect distinct Student.* from Studentright join scon Student.SId=sc.SId--下面这种写法相当于innerjoin,属于隐式的表连接,已经被逐渐抛弃select DISTINCT student.*from student,scwhere student.SId=sc.SId--4 查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )select * from (select SId,COUNT(CId) as CCount,SUM(score)as SumScore from SCgroup by SId ) as t1right join studenton t1.SId=Student.SId--1 查有成绩的学生信息select * from Student right join(select Sid from scgroup by Sid) as t1on t1.SId=Student.SId--5 查询「李」姓老师的数量select count(*) from Teacherwhere Tname like '李%'--6,查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息select count(*) from sc,Studentselect count (*) from scinner join Studenton sc.SId=Student.SId--7查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息 select * from Student where SId not in (select SId from scgroup by SIdhaving COUNT(CId)= (select count(CId) from Course))--8 查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息select * from Student right join (select sid from SC where CId in (select cid from sc where SId='01') and SId !='01'group by sid) as t1on Student.SId=t1.SId--9查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程 完全相同的其他同学的信息--不会--10查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名select * from sc where sid=6select * from Course where tid='01'select * from Student where sid not in(select sid from sc where cid in (select cid from Course where TId='01'))select * from studentwhere student.sid not in( select sc.sid from sc,course,teacher where sc.cid = course.cid and course.tid = teacher.tid and teacher.tname= '张三')--11 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩select * from sc where score<=60select Student.Sname,t1.SId,t1.avgScore,t1.num from Studentright join(select sid,count(score)as num,AVG(score)as avgScore from scwhere score<60group by SId having count(score)>=2) as t1on t1.SId=Student.SId--12 检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息select * from Student right join(select * from sc where cid='01' and score<=60)as t1on Student.sid=t1.sidorder by score descselect student.*, sc.score from student, scwhere student.sid = sc.sidand sc.score < 60and cid = '01'ORDER BY sc.score DESC;--13 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩select * from sc left join ( select sid,avg(score) as avscore from sc group by sid )r on sc.sid = r.sidorder by avscore desc;select sid,Count(*) from scgroup by sidselect * from Course--下面是带行转列的优化版本,pivot函数用法稍微有些复杂。select Student.Sname,t3.* from Student right join(select sid, [01]as'语文',[02] as '数学',[03] as '英语',avgScorefrom (select sc.*,t1.avgScore from sc right join (select sid,avg(score) as avgScore from scgroup by sid ) as t1on sc.SId=t1.SId)as t2pivot(sum(score) for cid in([01],[02],[03]))tbl) as t3on Student.SId=t3.SIdorder by avgScore desc--14 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:--以如下形式显示:课程 ID,课程 name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率--及格为>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90--要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列--sqlserver百分比除法,全是整型结果也是整形,需要进行类型转换select cid,max(score) as 最高分,min(score) as 最低分,avg(score) as 平均分,count(*) as 选修人数,sum(case when sc.score>=60 then 1 else 0 end)/cast(count(*) as float )as 及格率from SCgroup by CIdorder by 选修人数 desc,CId ascselect sc.CId ,max(sc.score)as 最高分,min(sc.score)as 最低分,AVG(sc.score)as 平均分,count(*)as 选修人数,sum(case when sc.score>=60 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 及格率,sum(case when sc.score>=70 and sc.score<80 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 中等率,sum(case when sc.score>=80 and sc.score<90 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 优良率,sum(case when sc.score>=90 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 优秀率 from scGROUP BY sc.CIdORDER BY count(*)DESC, sc.CId ASC--15 按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时保留名次空缺-- left join ,right join,如果副表有多条数据对应主表,那查询出来就是多条数据select a.cid, a.sid, a.score, count(b.score)+1 as rankfrom sc as a left join sc as b on a.score=85 then 1 else 0 end)*100/CAST( count(score) as float) as [100-85],sum(case when score>=70 and score<85 then 1 else 0 end)*100/CAST( count(score) as float) as [85-70],sum(case when score>=60 and score<70 then 1 else 0 end)*100/CAST( count(score) as float) as [70-60],sum(case when score<60 then 1 else 0 end)*100/CAST( count(score) as float) as [60-0] from sc group by CId) as t1 on Course.CId=t1.CId--18 查询各科成绩前三名的记录select * from (select sid,cid,score, RANK() over(partition by cid order by score desc)as rankNum from SC) as t1where t1.rankNum<=3--19查询每门课程被选修的学生数select cid,count(SId)as snum from scgroup by cid--20查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名select Student.Sname,t1.* from Student right join(select sid from scgroup by sidhaving count(cid)=2) as t1on Student.SId=t1.SId--21查询男生、女生人数select Ssex,count(sid) as num from Student group by Ssex--22查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息select * from Student where Sname like '%风%'--23 查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数select Sname,count(*) as 人数 from Studentgroup by Snamehaving count(*)>1--24 查询 1990 年出生的学生名单--考察时间函数的熟悉程度select * from Student where Sage>='1990-01-01' and Sage<='1990-12-31'--25查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩降序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程编号升序排列select cid,avg(score)as avgScore from scgroup by cidorder by avgScore desc,CId asc--26查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩select Student.Sname,t1.* from Studentright join(select sid,avg(score)as avgScore from scgroup by sidhaving avg(score)>=85) as t1on Student.SId=t1.SIdorder by avgScore desc--27查询课程名称为「数学」,且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数select Student.Sname,t1.score from Student right join(select * from sc where cid=(select cid from Course where cname='数学') and score<60) as t1on Student.sid=t1.sid--28查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(存在学生没成绩,没选课的情况)select * from Studentleft join scon Student.SId=sc.SId--29查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数select Student.Sname,Course.Cname,sc.score from Student,sc,Coursewhere Student.SId=sc.SId and sc.CId=Course.CId and sc.score>70select Student.Sname,Course.Cname,sc.score from Studentjoin sc on Student.SId=sc.SIdjoin Course on sc.CId=Course.CIdwhere sc.score>70--30查询不及格的课程select * from sc where score<60--31查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名select Student.SId,Student.Sname,sc.score from Student join scon Student.SId=sc.SIdwhere sc.CId='01' and score>80--32求每门课程的学生人数select cid,count(*)as num from scgroup by CId--33成绩不重复,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩select top(1)* from sc where sc.CId=(select cid from Course join Teacheron Course.TId=Teacher.TIdwhere Teacher.Tname='李四')order by score desc--34 成绩有重复的情况下,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩select * from (select *,rank() over(partition by cid order by score desc) as 名次 from sc where cid in (select CId from Course join Teacheron Course.TId=Teacher.TIdwhere Teacher.Tname='张三')) as t1where t1.名次=1--35 查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩--思路-》查询的结果集中,不同的结果中不同字段的对比,可以用join连接,去重用group by去掉类似[1,3]和[3,1]这样的重复数据select t1.SId,t1.CId,t1.score,t2.score from sc as t1join sc as t2on t1.SId=t2.SIdand t1.CId!=t2.CIdand t1.score=t2.scoregroup by t1.SId,t1.CId,t1.score,t2.scoreorder by t1.SId--36查询每门功成绩最好的前两名select cid,sid,名次 from(select sid,cid,rank() over(partition by cid order by score desc)as 名次 from sc) as t1where t1.名次<3--37统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过 5 人的课程才统计)。select cid,count(*) as num from scgroup by cidhaving count(*)>5--38检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号select sid,count(cid) as num from scgroup by sidhaving count(cid)>=2--39查询选修了全部课程的学生信息select Student.* from Studentright join(select sid,count(cid) as num from scgroup by sidhaving count(cid)=3) as t1on Student.SId=t1.SId--40查询各学生的年龄,只按年份来算 日期函数不太熟悉,后五题还没做